Police have confirmed the father of the four-year-old was behind the wheel of the car that smashed into a tree, killing the girl on Saturday afternoon.
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Victoria Police spokeswoman Creina O'Grady said the 24-year-old man from Beaufort had been admitted to Ballarat Base Hospital, where he had been taken for observation.
"Police will interview him in the morning," Ms O'Grady said.
The four-year-old died after a car she was travelling in crashed into a tree on the outskirts of Ballarat.
Ms O'Grady said only one car was involved in the crash at Cardigan.
Major Collision Unit to investigate the death of a toddler after the car she was in crashed into a tree. @9NewsMelb pic.twitter.com/THCQBADc3w— Alysia Thomas-Sam (@alysialts) April 23, 2016
Ms O'Grady said the child, who was the only passenger, was taken to the hospital, but was pronounced dead on arrival.
Victoria Police Major Collision Investigation Unit headed to Ballarat to look into the crash.
Ambulance Victoria spokesman John Mullen said they were called to the scene 2.35pm.
"A little girl was treated at the scene, CPR was performed and that was continued through to the Ballarat Base hospital," Mr Mullen said.
"She was taken in a critical condition to the Ballarat Base hospital."
The death brings the total road toll to 93, which is 12 more than last year.